Kansai International Airport
An artificial island, 4 km (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 mi) long and km (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 mi) wide, was proposed. Engineers needed to overcome the extremely high risks of earthquakes and typhoons (with storm surges of up to 3 m or 10 ft). The water depth is 18 m on top of 20 m of soft Holocene clay which holds 70% water. A million sand drains were built into the clay to remove water and solidify the clay.
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