· Surface mining in the mountains of Appalachia presented new reclamation challenges. The harsh arid and semiarid environment required the development of revegetation and reclamation practices quite different from those used in the eastern USA. A desire to develop uniform national standards for reclamation was reflected in the long history of federal legislative interest in surface mining .
· The Surface Mining Act placed a levy per ton on all coal produced in the USA. This fund can be used to finance the restoration of areas that were not reclaimed in the past and other action needed to alleviate offsite impacts of the unreclaimed areas. From 1981 a new consideration has been given to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act.
Mining and land restoration methods as well as planning and regulatory procedures employed in West Germany to ameliorate environmental impacts from largescale surface mining are described. The Rhineland coalfield in North Rhine Westphalia contains some 55 billion tons of browncoal (or lignite), making the region one of Europe's most important energy centers. The lignite is extracted from ...
Reclamation is the combined process by which adverse environmental effects of surface mining are minimized and mined lands are returned to a beneficial end use. End uses may be open space, wildlife habitat, agriculture, or residential and commercial development.
Mining reclamation can take on various forms and achieve different objectives in an attempt to mitigate environmental impacts of mining and restore land that has been mined to a natural or seminatural state. In some cases, existing drainages are incorporated into the reclamation plan to receive clean stormwater runoff from reclaimed mine facilities. Dormant habitats are being reestablished ...
PROCEDURES FOR SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION IN AREAS WITH ACID‐ PRODUCING MATERIALS: AN OVERVIEW By Jeffrey G. Skousen Extension Specialist‐Land Reclamation West ia University John C. Sencindiver Associate Professor of Soil Science West ia University and Richard M. Smith Emeritus Professor of Soil Science West ia ...
Surface mining and reclamation effects on flood response of watersheds in the central Appalachian Plateau region J. R. Ferrari,1 T. R. Lookingbill,1 B. McCormick,1 P. A. Townsend,2 and K. N. Eshleman1 Received 23 April 2008; revised 14 January 2009; accepted 9 February 2009; published 7 April 2009.
Surface mining reclamation restores vegetation, soil stability, and proper water conditions after mining. Each site will be completed differently depending on the future use and reclamation law. However, the work completed prevents future environmental degradation and prepares the site for its future use. More . Mined Land Reclamation Department of Lands. Jul 31, 2020· Underground mining is ...
Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation in ND Guy Welch ND Public Service Commission. Surface Coal Mines in North Dakota. Approximately 1500 acres are disturbed each year. History of Reclamation in ND •First surface mining law passed in 1969 (topping spoil peaks) –Amended in 1971 (grading to gentle topography), –1973 (salvage respread of topsoil), –1975 (salvage of subsoil, restore ...
FOR SURFACE MINING AND RECLAMATION IN AREAS WITH ACID.‐PRODUCING MATERIALS. By J. G. Skousen, J. C. Sencindiver, and R. M. Smith In Cooperation with The West ia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force The West ia University Energy and Water Research Center and The West ia Mining and Reclamation Association April 1987 COVER The colors an this cover represent .
History of Reclamation in ND •First surface mining law passed in 1969 (topping spoil peaks) –Amended in 1971 (grading to gentle topography), –1973 (salvage respread of topsoil), –1975 (salvage of subsoil, restore productivity) •Federal SMCRA passed in 1977
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the United States.. SMCRA created two programs: one for regulating active coal mines and a second for reclaiming abandoned mine lands. SMCRA also created the Office of Surface Mining, an agency within the Department of the Interior, to promulgate ...
· Surface mining in the mountains of Appalachia presented new reclamation challenges. The harsh arid and semiarid environment required the development of revegetation and reclamation practices quite different from those used in the eastern USA. A desire to develop uniform national standards for reclamation was reflected in the long history of ...
A reclamation plan shall be required for all surface mining operations in all zoning districts in which surface mining is allowed, as well as for those portions of existing surface mining operations which claim to have vested rights pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 2776, unless otherwise exempted from the requirements of SMARA or as set forth herein.
surface mining operations and serve as the foundation for planning and implementing reclamation plans for surface coal mines in Nova Scotia. Best practices in reclamation planning and management Mining operations are temporary land use activities and should be conducted with understanding and respect for the environment. Use of reclamation ...
Surface and underground mining are currently the most commonly employed methods for accessing ore, minerals, or other metal and nonmetal commodities. This course covers common mining methods, as well as the lifecycle of a mine, from the development through reclamation.
Reclamation of Degraded Landscapes due to Opencast Mining 825 Water resources and the quality of air are seriously modified by surface mining operations. One problem introduced during surface mining operations is groundwater, which contains dissolved salts derived from the rock that it has been in contact with, and it is characterized
In Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining Utilization, 1987. Land disturbed by surface mining. Reclamation of land disturbed by mining for coal is now firmly established in most developed countries, on the scientific analysis of substrates, experimental determinations of amendment requirements and detailed planting and sowing regimes. As a result, land is restored to a wide range of ...
· International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment List of Issues Volume 35, Issue 7 International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment. Search in: Advanced search. New content alerts RSS. Subscribe. Citation search. Citation ...
Surface mining and reclamation the state mineralogist in 1893 said that no portion of california has more diversified mineral wealth than the county of san bernardino in its rugged mountains and desert expanse are found a wide range of geological formations from paleozoic to tertiary and a great variety of rocks of igneous origin. Surface Mining And Reclamation Deq . Deqs surface mining and ...