Modelling and optimization of a rotary kiln direct ...
Modelling and optimization of a rotary kiln direct reduction process 55 Figure 3. Kiln temperature distribution for the base case The feed material (bed) enters the kiln at ambient temperature and rapidly heats up due to the hot gas in the freeboard. At about 10 m into the kiln the volatiles in the coal are released, resulting in a local temperature spike due to combustion of the volatiles in ...